The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.